If you didn’t create a bootable clone you can simply try again. Look at the instructions in the second article I linked in post # 12, you will see a picture of the drop down menu the paragraph, “Configuring a backup with the Legacy Bootable Backup Assistant”. Sorry about this big font, can’t seem to edit on my iPad.
Alternatively you can just settle for a data only backup. Remember a bootable clone of BS will not have its OS updated In the way we used to do it, by performing a scheduled backup.
Lets just imagine a scenario where for some reason your HD crashes or the OS becomes damaged. You can reinstall the OS from the recovery partition then as part of the install process you can restore all your data from your clone of Macintosh HD-Data.
If like me you also have a Time Machine backup you can boot from this, reinstall the OS and again restore your data from you clone.
Last but certainly not least you can create a USB macOS bootable installer on a thumb drive. This can be used to boot, erase and format a HD before installing a fresh copy of macOS.
The bad news is, in answer to your question about your CCC clone of Catalina, depending on the circumstances you may or may not be able to boot from it if, as you say, “BS goes belly up.”