when you first open finder from the dock, select list, then close the finder window.
there may be a setting in finder prefs to make sure all finder windows open in list view. but if you do the above, you'll be able to always open finder from the dock and have it be list view.
There is no way to set all folders to List View, unfortunately.
However, if you want a fast way to set a folder to List View,
Command 2 (Apple key 2) is the keyboard shortcut.