How can I get stability back to the email function on my Mac.
The first thing that I'd try, surprisingly, is to turn off, or even better, uninstall, any third party anti-virus program that you have running. Restart your Mac and see if things are better. Modern anti-virus utilities interact with your e-mail program, and any AV program you have running may not be updated yet and compatible with the version of the Mac OS you are running.
If that doesn't help, the next thing that I'd do is disable, or upgrade, or uninstall any Mail add-ins or helper apps. (e.g. Mail Act-on, SpamSieve, GPGMail).
Afterwards, restart your Mac and see if things are better.
If they aren't, then you might begin suspecting a corrupted/malicious e-mail that is causing Mail to choke. The way to deal with that is to log into your ISP's mail server using the Web-based interface most ISP's provide and to delete the problematic e-mail manually. The problematic one is usually easy to spot. It's usually either spammy or unreadable. (i.e. it's usually e-mail that you would delete anyway.) If your ISP doesn't offer a Web interface, you can use:
MyPOPBarrier (free):
Site de Th Rob
(Under "Applications" on this Web site.)
If that doesn't work, I'd quit Mail, move Mail's "Mail Downloads" folder (in your user Library folder) to the desktop, relaunch mail, and see if the problem is gone. If it is, your problem is a corrupted e-mail attachment.
To get there in recent versions of the Mac OS (where the user Library is invisible),
In the Finder
Option-click the Go menu
Your ~/Library will appear in the menu
You might also want to try dumping all of Mail's log files, which are located at:
~/Library/Containers/com.apple.mail/Data/Library/Logs/Mail/