I want recommendations on: microphone (under 200$us),
Shure SM58 (around $100, dynamic) Shure SM86 (around $180, condenser, requires a preamp/sound card with phantom power). There are many other options.
steps on recording (I am not in a treated room),
You'll need to do some treatment if you want this to not sound like someone in their living room or kitchen. Sorry, it's physics.
Both mics above exhibit "proximity effect", the increase of bass response when closer. You can use that to advantage, but close-talking a mic has it's own issues, like making a windscreen an absolute necessity. Talking closer eliminates some of the acoustic issues of untreated rooms.
and processing (preferably on Audacity, since I like it more than other DAWs),to get: clear and crisp voice, nothing of bass (because it hurts my ears), and no echo too.
Start with none. Don't know what your target use is, that dictates processing more than anything. Crisp/clear is no problem with either of the mics suggested. You can always cut bass in Audacity.
Echo? What echo? There should be none.
Get a mic stand, ideally not sitting on the same table you're working on. Floor stand with a boom is good, a shock mount is nice to have. Headphones are important for monitoring, something that doesn't leak sound outside the headphones like IEMs or over-ear sealed models. Avoid the "open air" type.
You'll likely do much better with an external USB sound card than whatever is built into your computer, if for no other reason than they have good preamps and XLR/balanced inputs. Most include phantom power for condenser mics. No need to spend a lot, the Behringer U-PHORIA is fine for a single mono mic, $49. Paying more gets you more features and inputs, which may not matter.
It would help to know what your project is.