Are you referring to the Mail app that comes with OS X?
Yes, you can go into the Search box and in the upper right search bar just type whatever word you're looking for. Be sure you're not giving up before it has a chance to produce the search results. If it's a common word or phrase in your emails it can take a few seconds to produce results and that could be misinterpreted as no results. So give it some time.
Shop for your Apple, Mac, iPhone and other computer products on Amazon.
We are a participant in the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program, an affiliate program designed to provide a means for us to earn fees by linking to Amazon and affiliated sites.