What are the Finder's hidden "._[file name]" files for?

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I know ".DS_Store" is for Window size/position, views, etc.
but occasionally,
a "._[file name of some file in that folder]" appears.

What is it for?
And what is it that I did to make these files appear?
 
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MacBook Pro | iMac(2.1 G5) | MacBook(2.16 C2D) | MacMini (1.67 CD) | iPhone 4 | iPad (3rd Gen)
They serve different purposes. Mostly Unix system has hidden files to keep the information about the user preferences (similar to .plist files). Eg. .vimrc defines Vim.App behavior for a specific user.

Here is more information.
 
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The files you specifically mentioned are to store OS X specific metadata on the file. XFS+ can store this information directly in the filesystem so these files to not appear, but external FAT32 drives (for example) cannot embed this metadata so it is stored in a hidden file alongside.
 

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