Usually bad hard drives don't involve any sort of beeping. But if a new HD solves the issue...you may have run into a very unusual bad HD symptom..."beeping".
Please let us know how things turn out.
- Nick
I too have a very similar problem and I would very much appreciate any help. My mid 2012 macbook pro stopped working, with beeps every 2 or 3 seconds (not 3 beeps) continually, some time in December.