Possible to Design an iOS App Operates Outside the Lock Screen?

Is it possible to design an app that could accept user-provided data, outside the lock screen?

It would be a swipe to open the app which displays info but does not require you to unlock the phone? The point would be to display info the phone owner entered, but does not require you to unlock their phone? That way you could see the data if needed, but you wouldn't have to have the user's password? Think lost phone

Nope. Not unless the iPhone is jailbroken. There are a few apps available via Cydia for jailbroken devices that can do just that.