I don't have any evidence to verify this, but I have always suspected that there are multiple lasers used in optical drives that support several different disc types. The reason I suspect this is that I've seen countless stories about optical drives that will suddenly stop working with one disc type, but be OK with others.
Unfortunately, I don't think there's an easy fix for your internal SuperDrive. With that said, I would highly recommend looking at a cheap, USB external. This will save you an awful lot of trouble and expense.
I use one of
these with my MacBook Pro on occasion to lessen the wear on my internal drive - and it's also significantly faster in certain operations. And the best part is, if it fails, I'm only out the $40 or so, rather than having to rip apart my machine.
That particular model looks to be out of production, but there are many others like it. I think my recommendation would be to look into one of those for what are probably the very rare occasions you'll need to access CDs.