Yes it will, but let's say for example that you end up with 400GB on your HD. Time machine will only have room to store one current back up. Not that this is a problem of course, it's all personal choice, but generally most people have about half as much space again on top of the size of their main HD, so that you have a longer history to fall back on.
As an personal example, I accidently deleted a film from my media player drive, that I had also long deleted from my main Mac drive. Thankfully Time Machine still had it, because I have 1.5TB of storage (to back up 3 drives that total 1.1GB if full).
It all depends how you use your Mac, and how far back in time you want to back up.