ok, using the 'Real Instrument' Track, make sure your selected recording source is Built-In Input Mono 1, which would be Left. make sure your guitar is turned up, the input is turned up, and the monitor level is turned on, (I prefer the NO feedback option, but you will need Headphones)
I'm not claiming that that should work, but it would definitely set the track to record a guitar. Make sure that your preferences are set... Garageband>Preferences>Audio & Media> Select Built-In Input. I have never experienced any problems with not recording a guitar, Especially with an Electric Guitar track selected. Selecting a guitar track from the beginning of a new project will change these setting automatically, try that out...