Hi,
I believe it is because you have updated Safari to version 6.0. Version 6 removes the search bar and moves it into the URL bar so you can both search and type a URL in there.
I don't think it is possible to get the search bar back without going back to version 5.x of Safari (if that's even possible; I've never tried)
I've only had the MAC for 2 months and to be honest I hadn't looked at what version Safari came with it. I haven't been aware of any recent updates being made either.
It probably already had v6 installed?
Version 6 only came out about 3 days ago, so your computer must of installed it automatically without you noticing.
You'll probably get used to doing your web searches there instead of the separate box soon enough
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