Mac Security & Test Review decoded

Just reading the Mac Security & Test Review for 2016. There's too much jargon for me to properly understand but their recommendations are obviously important.

Would someone please explain in simple terms what is a 'sandboxed browser'? A 'standalone Flashplayer'? What does 'Java' actually do, and can we live without it? and what does 'iPV6' do please?

Many thanks in advance

Paul

Sandbox:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandbox_(computer_security)
http://www.howtogeek.com/169139/san...rotecting-you-and-how-to-sandbox-any-program/

Stand alone Flash player:

http://help.tankionline.com/topics/2347-what-is-standalone-flash-player/

What is Java?:

https://java.com/en/download/faq/whatis_java.xml
http://lifehacker.com/5988800/what-is-java-is-it-insecure-and-should-i-use-it

What is iPV6?:

https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT202236

HTH,

- Nick